Reflections on EU Developments: Charting the Path To A New MFF and FP10

The new Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) will begin in 2028, setting the stage for the next seven years of EU financial priorities. The European Union is also expected to introduce its next Research and Innovation (R&I) framework programme (FP), currently referred to as FP10. Pim de Boer, senior policy advisor EU affairs at the Aurora Central Office, reflects on the developments and outlines the opportunities and challenges ahead for Aurora universities.

The Road to FP10

The process of shaping FP10 began nearly two years ago with the midterm review of Horizon Europe (HEU) programme. This review marked the first step in what has become a complex and multi-layered procedure. The European Commission (EC) is responsible for driving this process, and universities have significantly contributed to its direction. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Aurora have provided recommendations for FP10. These inputs were aligned with national and European higher education organizations. Concurrently, the Council of the EU and the EC commissioned expert analyses on key issues. Enrico Letta examined the state of the EU single market, Mario Draghi assessed the European Union’s global competitiveness, and the High-Level Expert Group led by Manuel Heitor evaluated Horizon Europe while proposing recommendations for FP10.

Political continuity has also played a role in these technical and policy-oriented efforts. Ursula von der Leyen’s reappointment as Chairwoman of the European Commission brought the new policy brief for 2024–2029. The appointment of commissioners focused on start-ups, R&I, skills and jobs, highlights the importance of research, innovation and education in the coming years.

Key Reflections from Expert Reports

The recently published reports from Letta, Draghi, and Heitor offer valuable insights into the direction FP10 might take. Letta’s report emphasizes the “5th freedom”, which promotes the mobility of knowledge, R&I, and education within the EU. Draghi’s analysis highlights the EU’s lagging competitiveness compared to global powers like the USA and China. His recommendations include stronger R&I efforts, better collaboration between universities and industry, increased private investments, and leveraging European University Alliances (EUNs) as key drivers of innovation. Heitor’s report, which Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam provided input for, focuses on simplifying grant procedures and more strategic steering of collaborative research, mainly through HEU Pillar 2. He proposes the establishment of two new Councils, one for competitiveness and the other for societal challenges, to guide these efforts.

All three reports advocate for a higher R&I budget—at least €200 billion—and stress the importance of supporting excellent research through mechanisms like the European Research Council (ERC), Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA), and research infrastructures, as well as innovation and application through European Innovation Council (EIC)-like mechanisms.

Universities as Stakeholders in FP10

FP10 presents both opportunities and challenges. A priority will be to secure maximum funding for research that covers the range from fundamental to applied research and innovation. This means ensuring support for low-TRL (Technology Readiness Level) or (SRL) Systems Readiness Level , collaborative, challenge-driven research while avoiding a widening gap between excellent research and applied, EIC-type projects.

Additionally, the link between education and R&I must remain central to FP10. The Directorate-General for Education (DG EAC) has assured stakeholders that Erasmus+ will not be integrated into the competitiveness fund. This offers universities an opportunity to strengthen the connection between education initiatives and research programs at the EU level, creating synergies across funding streams. As mentioned by both Ursula von der Leyen and her Commissioners Minzatu (skills, education) and Zaharieva (R&I) the European University alliances may play an important role in this.

Meanwhile, the European Parliament’s ITRE (Industry, Research and Energy) committee published a draft report reflecting on these previously mentioned reports. ITRE supports several ideas recommended by the Heitor report. Informally there is support from ITRE and DG RTD to the higher education sector to avoid splitting HEU Pillar 2 into two under different Councils. Rather, continuation in the chain of research from fundamental to applied research is a necessity to contribute to societal challenges, innovation, valorisation and competitiveness.

In addition to this, the European Commission has also published the “Competitiveness Compass”, a strategic document outlined the necessity of Europe being more competitive and how to get there. Among the simplification rules for companies for innovation and scaling up, the several ways to increase public and private funding, focusing on areas like technologies (digital and AI, biotechnology), clean energy, advanced materials, cybersecurity and defence, the Compass also refers to skilling people and lifelong learning (creation of a Union of Skills), as well as reforming the EIC into big programmatic approaches and aligning ERC and EIC to achieve competitiveness results. The latter point is worrying as the independence of the ERC, fundamental and curiosity-driven research, and agility of research are at stake.

Furthermore, the Compass has a strong focus on technology leaving out inclusion of social sciences and humanities-driven research and knowledge and also lacks a focus on addressing societal challenges via low TRL/SRL type challenge-driven collaborative research. Referring to the Union of Skills, an emphasis on the relation between (higher) education, research, innovation and collaboration with society should also have been addressed in order to train and skill our students to being able to contribute to the higher level of European competitiveness. Finally, the Compass does not mention any role of university alliances in this.

Aurora, in collaboration with umbrella organisations like the European Universities Association (EUA) and universities like Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, are actively shaping FP10 through policy discussions with the EC, European Parliament, and other stakeholders. These efforts include supporting campaigns such as ResearchMatters!, contributing to sector-specific recommendations, and engaging in sector-wide deliberations on the co-creation of FP10.

Looking Ahead

The EC internal timeline suggests that the EC will publish a new regulatory proposal for FP10 in the second half of 2025, after the publication of the draft multiannual financial framework in July. In the meantime, developments remain fluid. Drafts of the new MFF structure suggest the inclusion of a competitiveness fund, though details are still being debated.

By continuing to advocate for robust R&I funding, fostering synergies between education and research, and engaging in collaborative policy discussions, universities can help shape FP10 into a framework that drives innovation and competitiveness across Europe. As these efforts progress, our commitment to excellence and collaboration will ensure that we remain at the forefront of these developments.